Monday, April 30, 2007

The declaration issued by Nepal's reinstated House of Representatives this week on the future of the country is much more than a piece of paper.


He meant the removal of all political powers from King Gyanendra, whose Shah dynasty has ruled Nepal for the past 238 years.
Nor is this change in mood confined to Kathmandu. In the most far-flung districts, people were glued to their radios on Thursday, witnessing the dismantling of ancient, feudalistic ties.
Parliament's foremost target has been the monarchy. The institution has received a battering; the king reduced to a figurehead and placed, in many ways, on the level of ordinary Nepalis.
Most strikingly, parliament has taken on the right to make and change laws regarding the royal succession - if, indeed, there is still a monarchy under the new constitution to be drawn up in due course by an elected assembly.
Spending controlled
This is a clear sign of the unpopularity of the heir apparent, Crown Prince Paras, a playboy infamous for his reckless driving.
The king - an extraordinarily rich monarch in an exceptionally poor country - is to be taxed and his spending controlled, while his acts will be open to scrutiny in court or in parliament.
Then there is the symbolism. Already, the expressions "His Majesty's Government of Nepal" and "Royal Nepalese Army" have been consigned to history.
The national anthem, whose first line reads "May glory crown you, courageous Sovereign", is to be changed.

Maoist rebels have been fighting with government forces
Moves like this may slowly chip away at the deference usually accorded to the king, who hitherto has tended to commandeer Nepal's entire civil aviation fleet when travelling abroad and whose local visits in luxury limousines bring road traffic to a standstill for hours.
There is another kind of deference, too. Since before the Shah dynasty took power, kings here have been regarded as incarnations of the Hindu god, Vishnu. Many still believe this.
But factors such as the 2001 royal massacre have undermined the belief, and now parliament has abolished Nepal's status as a Hindu kingdom, making it secular.
Links severed
This move has long been wanted by many Nepalis in a country with a tradition of religious tolerance, where Hinduism and Buddhism coexist and freely mix.
The other institution being reined in is the army - now simply the Nepalese Army. Analysts point out that 15 months ago, the army went against the constitution by doing the bidding of the king, arresting the then prime minister and other leaders.
The military - the most powerful of the security force branches here - is now being placed more firmly under the cabinet and a newly constituted top body, and the monarch's link with it completely severed.

King Gyanendra's powers have been severely curtailed
Until Thursday, King Gyanendra - rather like the US president - was supreme commander of the army. That post no longer exists.
The signs are that, despite some consternation, the generals are going along with the change. Indeed, it was reportedly the army that told the king to make major concessions late last month.
But there's also a growing chorus demanding the dismissal of the current army chief, General Pyar Jung Thapa, given the military's role in suppressing last month's demonstrations and the fact that other security force chiefs have been sacked.
Another powerful organ of state, too, has been dissolved - the privy council, a powerful advisory body thought to have urged the king to take direct power last year.
'Inclusive' army
There are some small moves to address the concerns of Nepal's indigenous ethnic groups, who constitute some 40% of the population but have always been excluded from political power.
One is secularisation - a cause important to many indigenous people. It is also stated that the army - hitherto ruled by top Hindu castes - will now be "inclusive and national" in character.
Also marginalised in Nepal are two million stateless people living in areas bordering India: the new declaration says they will get citizenship.
The text mentions the "sacrifices" some people made during April's mass demonstrations against palace rule.
Indeed, underlying this whole proclamation is the sense that these are the changes the ordinary people want, and that the elected body - parliament - is sovereign.

Parliament must try and end Nepal's crushing poverty
It is being predicted that this sense - of the popular will - will prevent the king trying to challenge the new order. He has made no public pronouncement since retreating from direct rule on 24 April.
The politicians' next urgent move will be to address the question of peace. The Maoist rebels have already complained that the new declaration makes no mention of peace talks.
But, having moved quickly on the issue of royal powers, parliament is likely to return to the peace agenda soon.
Pressing problem
The monarchy's long-term future is unclear. There is a widespread sense here that - despite the growing republican sentiment in the streets - parliament has, for now, saved the institution from the man who seemed most likely to undermine it, namely King Gyanendra.
But all these new measures, radical as they are, may be superseded once a promised constituent assembly is elected.
And the fine words must be made into deeds. Apart from violence, Nepal has one most pressing problem: poverty.
As the Himalayan Times newspaper puts it: "Unless the [new] political power is exercised exclusively in the interest of the deprived and marginalised, the sacrifices of the martyrs will be in vain".
As Nepal's mainly peaceful revolution continues, plenty of Nepalis will keep reminding the politicians of that.

Friday, April 13, 2007

Administration and social conditions > Government

Although reforms in the 1950s began to move the kingdom toward a democratic political system, the crown dissolved Parliament in 1960 and subsequently banned political parties. Thereafter, Nepal became only nominally a constitutional monarchy, and the constitution of 1962 (amended 1967, 1976, and 1980) effectively gave the king autocratic control over a multitiered system of panchayats (local bodies, or councils). In the 1980s, political restrictions were eased, and organizations such as the Nepali Congress Party, the Communist Party of Nepal, numerous small left-leaning student groups, and several radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups were allowed to operate more or less openly. Political parties, however, were not again legalized until 1990, when nationwide unrest forced King Birendra to accept the formation of a multiparty parliamentary system.

A new constitution promulgated on Nov. 9, 1990, greatly reduced the power of the monarchy. The king remained the head of state, but effective executive power was given to the Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister. Appointed by the king, the prime minister is required to be either the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives (the lower house of Parliament) or, if there is no majority party, a representative who can form a coalition majority.
The king is constitutionally also a part of Parliament and is charged with giving assent to bills that have been passed by both legislative chambers—the House of Representatives and the National Council (the upper house). The House of Representatives consists of 205 members popularly elected to five-year terms. The 60 members of the National Council hold six-year terms; 10 are nominated by the king, 35 are elected by the House of Representatives (of which 3 must be women), and 15 are selected by an electoral college. The constitution gives the House of Representatives considerably more power than the National Council.
All Nepalese citizens 18 and older are eligible to vote. Because most voters in Nepal are illiterate, candidates are chosen by party symbol (e.g., a tree for the Nepali Congress Party and a sun for the United Marxist-Leninist Party of Nepal). Some voters, moreover, must travel long distances, in some cases for hours along mountain paths, in order to reach a polling station.
Prior to 1990 the country was divided for administrative purposes into 5 development regions, 14 zones, and 75 districts; in addition, there were corresponding regional, zonal, and district courts, as well as a Supreme Court. The 1990 constitution mandated the elimination of the regional and zonal courts, which were to be replaced by appellate courts. The administrative divisions themselves continued to exist as provisional units.

Himalayan Yak is Yakky!!!


I was recommended to this restaurant from a woman I know who has been to Nepal several times. She said the food was as good, if not BETTER, than in Nepal. So I was excited to go and try out this cuisine I had never tasted before. My friends also saw a woman reviewing this restaurant on TV last week.....so much hype! What for?
We ordered gundruk (which is a Nepali mixed dry vegetables of some sort of fermented green with various unknown things mixed inside). It seemed good the first few bites ...an interesting mix of soft and crunchy ...but after a few bites it gave me the strangest feeling so I stopped eating it. It was just fowl. Goat Dalbhat. A goat curry type thing served with rice, black eyed peas, and a sauteed green. All decent but forgettable. From the Tibetan side of the menu we had a sauteed beef with vegetables and Himalayan bread. The beef was tough and just average in flavoring and spices. The bread was flavorless and not worth the carbs. lolAnd finally another dish of chunks of lamb (mostly lamb fat) with sauteed onions and garlic. Toughest chunks of lamb I've ever tasted. We also shared a mango lassi which was not flavorful at all.
Everything was just....blah....leaning on the side of yakky! (yuckie) hehe
I walked out feeling disappointed and with a stomach ache on top of it.
Needless to say I will not return and would not recommend it to anyone else.
Himalayan Yak Restaurant (72-20 Roosevelt Ave, Jackson Heights)
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